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Spindle transfer
A spindle transfer (more properly "spindle-chromosomal complex transfer") is a genetic manipulation technique where the donor's nuclear DNA but not her mitochondrial DNA is transferred to the receiving egg. It may be used to treat mitochondrial diseases.
==History==
Polarized light microscopy spindle imaging and manipulation first were reported (''Nature'' Biotechnology 2000;18(2)223-5) by a team then at the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory and Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island's Division of Reproductive Medicine and IVF (5). They reported 100% spindle enucleation efficiency with transfer of few mitochondria in the karyoplasts of oocytes from various mammalian species. In an article published in ''Nature'' online on August 26, 2009, a team in Oregon headed by Masahito Tachibana made the report of the transfer of maternal DNA without any mitochondrial DNA included in a laboratory monkey. This has the implication that any genetic problems which may be transferred from mother to offspring through mitochondrial DNA can be avoided.〔http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162266.php〕 Teams from the Oregon National Primate Research Center, the Oregon Stem Cell Center and the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Molecular and Medical Genetics at the Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) were all credited in the study.
The 2009 experiment was extended and led to live births. In the latest study (published in ''Nature'' in October 2012), the offspring were reported as being alive and well at three years old, and the team conducted a follow-up experiment using human eggs and DNA. Shoukhrat Mitalipov, a development biologist at OHSU, and his team retrieved more than 100 eggs from seven volunteers, who ranged in age from 21 years to 32 years. Of these eggs, 65 were used in the spindle-transfer experiment, while 33 served as non-manipulated controls. Both groups were fertilized by sperm in a lab dish, and their fertilization rate was shown to be roughly the same at more than 70%.
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